Supporting For Children With Disabilities - 874 Words

Advocating in Schools for Children with Disabilities explains how children with disabilities are no longer excluded from public schools (Altshuler Kopels, 2003). Since the 1999 revisions now children with disabilities get the special education they deserve. Children with disabilities now get the education to help them become independent, help them get the resources they need to become adults. In 1975 it was called the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, children with disabilities now can receive special education. Back then half of the children with disabilities didn’t receive the right education and 1 million was excluded from public school. The law only considered 11 handicapped conditions that qualified children to receive special education. Since 1997 it is called Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and there is 13 federal classification of educational disabilities plus other health impairment and developmental delay. All social workers who work with child ren and families, despite of what they do, should know of the important educational rights children with disabilities and their families can have. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, one of the most sweeping laws protecting children with disabilities, was substantially amended in 1997, and its regulatory provisions became legally effective in October 1999. This article talks about how the law has changed. The changes talked about in the article are: expansion of categories of children withShow MoreRelatedI Attended The Division For Early Childhood920 Words   |  4 Pagespresent my dissertation literature review on young children with disabilities (and their families) who have experienced, abuse, neglect and trauma. At the poster session I had the opportunity to speak with many people about the importance of this topic however, one interaction made a lasting impression. One mid-career practitioner approached my poster and asked me to explain what our field can learn f rom the literature about young children with disabilities who have experienced abuse and neglect. I explainedRead MoreMy Interview With The Dente Family Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesMy interview was done with the Dente family. The family is an African family of five; father, mother, two boys and a girl. One of the children has an unspecified learning disability. They have been living in the United States for the past 10 years. They migrated from Ghana. In my paper, I will be discussing about the strength and challenges that the family faces as they take care of their son Jaden. I will also share information about how Jaden’s parent is able to work with other team members toRead MoreDescribe Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Participation857 Words   |  4 Pageseliminate discrimination. Introducing children at an early age to diversity will have an impact on their acceptance of others who are different from them. Diversity can also come in the form of race, gender, se xual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities and political beliefs. Equality Equality is the term for equal opportunities. Whilst supporting diversity and respecting differences everyone is offered the same services and programs. All children and families have an equal chanceRead MoreEssay on Unit LD 205 Principles Of Positive Risk725 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Unit LD 205 Principles of positive risk taking for individuals with disabilities Outcome 1 Know the importance of risk taking in everyday life for individuals with disabilities 1.1- identify aspects of everyday life in which risk plays a part Risk Taking: individual; social; organisational; environmental 1.2- identify aspects of everyday life in which, traditionally, individuals with disabilities were not encouraged to take risks Traditional lack of encouragement: risks in everyday life; traditionalRead MoreLabeling And The Rights Of All Students1740 Words   |  7 Pages2014). â€Å"Labeling is required to be included in special education (Government, 2005). Under current law, to receive special education services, a child must be identified as having a disability and, in most cases, must be further classified into one of that state’s categories, such as mental retardation or learning disabilities† (Heward, 2010). Some parents struggle with the idea of placing their beloved child in a special school unwilling to accept the ‘Label’ (Heward, 2010). This ‘Label’ can stop parentsRead MoreEquality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people837 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Level 2 Supporting Teaching Learning in Schools Unit 204 Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Name: Date: 7th February 2014 This assignment covers all outcomes for Unit 4 1.1 What are the laws and codes of practice that relate to the promotion of equality and the valuing of diversity? (Make a list). Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 2005 Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 Human Rights Act 1998 Read MoreThe Problem Of The Field Of Education1265 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom birth to childhood, childhood to adolescence and adolescence to adulthood. However, transition can be a challenge and frightening to others, especially students with disabilities. As educators, it’s important to grasp the idea that transition is occurring and to always provide support to students. For students with disabilities transition can be challenging and they may need extra assistance. It’s crucial for the success of the student, that educators take time to research different effective strategiesRead MoreThe Concept Of Quality Of Life Versus Disability1137 Words   |  5 PagesTHE CONCEPT - QUALITY OF LIFE VERSUS DISABILITY Persons with disabilities are various and heterogeneous, while stereotypical views of disability emphasise wheelchair users and a few other â€Å"classic† groups for example, Blind people and deaf people. Disability includes the kid born with a congenital condition, for example, cerebral paralysis or the youthful trooper who loses his leg to a land mine, the moderately aged lady with severe arthritis, the more seasoned person with dementia, among numerousRead MoreAcross The Nation Employment Rates Are Holding Steady For1696 Words   |  7 Pagesare holding steady for individuals with intellectual disabilities and no progress is being made to increase those percentages. Disability employee opportunities are not fair and lacking equity. The problem is that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities have a difficult time trying to receive employment opportunities. There are numerous factors that attribute to the cause of this issue, which include individuals with disabilities can only attain lower wage jobs, discrimination in theRead MoreUnit 201 Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstand the context of supporting individuals with learning disabilities (LD 201) OUTCOME 1 Understand the legislation and policies that support the human rights and inclusion of individuals with learning disabilities. 1.1. Identify four legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; Disability Discrimination Act 2005; Equality

Holistic Assessment Process On Admission - 1487 Words

In this assignment we will discuss the holistic assessment process on admission to the clinical area and the duties that the nurse has throughout this process. We will also consider the medical conditions Mr C is presenting with and the appropriate care the nurse should provide relating to specific conditions. We will also discuss the pathophysiology of each of his conditions. Within the assignment we will discuss the post-operative care Mr C will be given by the nurse and the reasoning for this care. Including airway and breathing, circulation, pain management and psychological care. Whilst still in the clinical area we will explore the process of discharge planning and the role of the nurse throughout this process. Lastly we will†¦show more content†¦The nurse needs to make sure they remain nil by mouth. However, it is also the nurse’s responsibility to monitor the patient’s blood glucose levels as they have type two diabetes. The nurse should also enquire if the patient has any eating preferences, for example do they require any religious, any allergies or are they vegetarian? Another assess that the nurse should undertake is elimination. Bowl movements should be documented, as things may have changed since the handover from AE took place. Mr C has experienced some confusion, the nurse should also ask if has had difficulty urinating, pain or burning. Collecting a mid-stream urine (MSU) may also be an idea to check for urinary tract infections (UTI’s). There are many other activities of daily living the nurse should assess during their initial assessment of the patient such as washing and dressing controlling temperature, mobilization, working and playing, expressing sexuality, sleeping and death and dying. These are also all very important to assess however some may be difficult to assess until you have witnessed the patient doing them (Hollnd 2005). As Mr C is due to undergo a surgical procedure an assessment of his observations should be carried out including a respiratory function. The nurse should ask the patient if he has a history of respiratory illness and if so how it was treated. He should also be asked if he has any productive coughs. An assessment of blood pressure, pulse and oxygenShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of The Roper Logan Tierney Model And Evaluate Its Efficiency1568 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This assignment focuses on my practice as a Senior Care Assistant within the hospital. The aim of this essay is to carefully reflect on the Roper-Logan Tierney model and evaluate its efficiency in regards to patient admission. In terms of upholding patient confidentiality as stated in the Nursing and Midwifery Code of Conduct (2015), the name of my patient will be changed to Mr. George Matthew. In addition the code also states that a patient must be aware about information being usedRead MoreIs Hospital Admissions For Adults With A Learning Disability?1667 Words   |  7 Pagesthought that hospital admissions could be perceived as restrictive practice and was not aware of the potential legislation put in place to safeguard vulnerable adults and the health inequalities faced by adults with a learning disability (Emerson, Baines, 2010). I have been more involved in decision making by following the Transforming care program which focuses on providing the best care for adults with a lea rning disability or co-morbidity. (DH, 2012) Being involved in this process gives me a feelingRead MoreIs It Effective For Perseverance Community College?1650 Words   |  7 Pagesuncertainty, embrace diversity, and are able to manage conflicts. If the task is simple, this process would be inefficient, and the administration would view other process for a simpler undertaking (Bolman and Deal, 2013). Since the student services division can get busy, especially during registration and graduation times, it would be nice to have several work – study students to assist in each department (admissions, financial aid, student success, and the registrar’s office). On the other hand, workRead MoreThe Care Plan For The Nursing Home1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn case study 1; David had been referred to the nursing home by his son and daughter-in-law because he had been diagnosed with dementia which made his family members unable to provide him 24/7 care that David would need. After his admission in the nursing home, his care plan manager holistically assessed all the needs and preferences by asking him and his son and daughter-in-law. The resources were identified such as his preference to eat vegetarian food and visit Church during weekends. The careRead MoreStatement of Purpose to Become a Nursing Student at University of Alabama677 Words   |  3 Pageswith such skills, I will be at a better position to adequately, competently and confidently-assist the adult patients and clients. In fact, nursing is a passion allowing me to serve the community and at the same time be a light in someone’s disease process darkness. I wish to live to learn broadly, to serve others generously and courageously lead other fellow nurses. Since I graduated three years ago, I have had two certifications in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life SupportRead MoreThe Assessment And Care Of A Hypothetical Scenario1323 Words   |  6 PagesINTRO This assignment aims to explore the assessment and care of a hypothetical scenario Mr Smith, by using a problem solving approach known as the nursing process and incorporating the nursing model activities of living. Mr Smith is a 70 year old retired married man who has been admitted to the Medical Ward following a stroke. He presents with various needs both physically and psychologically attributing from the stroke and past history. During the assessment period various tools will be used suchRead MorePre Operative Care For The Patient With Diabetes1638 Words   |  7 PagesPre-operative Care for the Patient with Diabetes Nursing has provided me with a unique set of experiences that has altered the way in which I process a situation. Part of assessing an individual is not simply focusing on the admitting diagnosis or procedure but rather the whole picture. On Surgical Day Care, this assessment is often minimized to a checklist format that at times may hinder the ability to act as a part of the solution. With the goal of getting the person prepped and ready for theRead MoreAdmission, Treatment, And Intervention953 Words   |  4 Pages Admission, Treatment, and Intervention Patient flow upon arrival to the emergency department is clearly laid out by the Office of the Auditor General of Ontario (2010) in the following order: triage and registration; nurse assessment; physical assessment accompanied by the use of diagnostic and laboratory services; treatment; and decision on whether the patient is discharged home, or admitted or transferred to another hospital. Hospital admission is based on emergency physicians’ clinical judgmentRead MoreUnit 9: M2/D2 Values and planning in health and social care1725 Words   |  7 Pagesand they make referrals to doctors and other medical specialists. They arrange and provide parental and health education. They also provide counselling and advice and after screening tests. The holistic assessment includes assessing the needs and preferences taken on by the professional by using assessment tools and working closely with the individual. Identifying current provisions by the professional identifying the resources required to meet individual’s needs The Care plan targets are made toRead MoreNursing Case And Care Plan Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesward since he could not be discharged home. The palliative assessment of Smith would require the development of a suitable nursing care plan that would help deal with the condition. The nursing plan requires an understanding of the patient’s social history, medical history, physical assessment upon admission, and palliative care unit admission assessment. PART A: Nursing Case 1. Could Mr. Smith’s culture influence his pain assessment? Why? What strategies could you employ to ensure that you are

Psychology Prospect Theory Free Essays

PSY 302 Prospect Theory Review This paper is written in order to compare and contrast two articles that were chosen from the social psychology field. I chose my topic as Prospect Theory. It is one of the theories related to decision making process. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Prospect Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theory not only supported in social psychology but also supported fields of economic, consumer choice, political science and marketing. Prospect theory explains that people are loss averse that means they weigh losses heavily than gains. In other words, â€Å"looses looms larger than gains†. To illustrate; the person who found $100 on street would be less happy than the person who lost $100. The one of reason could be looses are more painful than gains are pleasant. Thus, humans cannot easily get rid of the effect of bad outcomes. I learned firstly this theory from one of my marketing courses and I really interested in that theory because it is implications likely to occur in our lives but I have never thought of it. That is why I choose two of my articles from that theory and I wanted to learn what different perspectives to that theory are. Those chosen articles are â€Å"When small losses do not loom larger than small gains: Effects of contextual autonomy support and goal contents on behavioral responses to small losses and small gains† and â€Å"When gains loom larger than losses: reversed loss aversion for small amounts of money. † However those two article tried to explain the time when looses do not loom larger than gains. That means within a specific situations prospect theory would be reversed. The rest of the paper will be devoted to comparison of their methodology, research question and predictions. Finally I will explain my opinion and suggestions to improve that research. First of all there will be an explanation of their research questions. â€Å"When gains loom larger than losses: reversed loss aversion for small amounts of money† tried to predict that when there is small loss, gains loom larger than losses. Thus, it says that prospect theory would be reversed for small things. However the article called â€Å"When small losses do not loom larger than small gains: Effects of contextual autonomy support and goal contents on behavioral responses to small losses and small gains† tried to predict that in the conditions of psychological needs may increase behavioral responses to gains more than behavioral responses to losses. To sum up, their theory same as â€Å"When gains loom larger than losses: reversed loss aversion for small amounts of money† because both of them predicted that loses may not loom larger than gains. However there are differences in terms of conducting those predictions. The main difference among those two articles is that â€Å"When gains loom larger than losses: reversed loss aversion for small amounts of money† put their hypothesis in terms of monetary values whereas other article tried to understand behavioral and affective responses to gains because writers think that loss aversion hypothesis gives importance to monetary phenomena not behavioral responses. Thus, they tried to understand the effect of goal fulfilling on prospect theory. Goals are related to this issue because in article they pointed out that, goals are seen as reference points. Humans evaluate their success or unsuccessfulness of outcomes comparing themselves to reference point, they determined. Thus, reference outcomes determine whether they faced a loss or they face a gain. That means in terms of behavioral responses of prospect theory, reference points are important. REFERENCES Harinek, F. , Dijk, E. V. , Beest, I. V. , Mersmann, P. (2007). When gains loom larger than losses:reversed loss aversion for small amounts of money. Psychological science, 18(12), 1099-1105. (Harinek, Dijk, Beest Mersmann, 2007) Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. , Kee, Y. H. , Thaung, H. K. , Hagger, M. S. (2011). British journal of social psychology. When small losses do not loom larger than small gains: Effects of contextual autonomy support and goal contents on behavioral responses to small losses and small gains, Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 2044-8309. 2011. 02033. x/abstract (Chatzisarantis, Kee, Thaung Hagger, 2011) How to cite Psychology Prospect Theory, Essay examples

Voodoo Speech free essay sample

What Will Be Covered Today, Im going to be talking about the roots of voodoo and what it actually is, the two types of voodoo, voodoo rituals and superstitions, and why voodoo is perceived as a negative or controversial topic. What Is Voodoo? Im sure everyone has their own perception of voodoo inside their head. Most people think includes black magic, evil spirits, and causing harm to others. However, voodoo is actually a complex tradition of faiths and beliefs that combine into an overall world full of religion and magic. It is believed to have started sometime around 1724 in Africa, Haiti specifically. Today, there are still people in parts of the United States that believe in voodoo and practice it. Voodoo embraces the entirety of human experience meaning that usually people practice it for personal purposes. The Two Types of Voodoo There are two types of voodoo: Haitian voodoo New Orleans voodoo. We will write a custom essay sample on Voodoo Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although they are similar for the most part, they do have their differences. Haitian voodoo is a pagan religion which means it involves only one God. However, voodooists believe in communication through spirits called the Loa. The Loa are similar to the Greek gods in their religion. New Orleans voodoo exists because of Haitian immigrants who have traveled to the United States and resided in the New Orleans. These immigrants have changed voodoo up a bit in order to be specific to their new location. Although voodoo is an ancient religion, 15% of New Orleans residents still participate in voodoo somehow today. Haitian Voodoo Rituals Haitian voodoo rituals are practiced for the main purpose of healing. They use herbs as remedies and believe they give off magical healing powers. Voodoo rituals often call to the Loa. There are two main families in the Loa: the Rada and the Petro. The Rada family are more kindred and kind spirited who voodooists call upon for healing, or good luck. However, the Petro family are more bitter and are called upon for moments of vengeance and rage. Animal sacrifice is another ritual. It is the practice of making holy offerings. New Orlean Voodoo Rituals New Orleans voodoo rituals differ from those of Haitian voodoo because of their emphasis on voodoo queens, gris-gris, superstitions and spells. Voodoo queens were central figures to voodoo in the United States. They looked over ceremonial meetings and ritual dance while also obtaining income by making charms, amulets and magical powders that were guaranteed to have special healing powers. The most legendary voodoo queen was Marie Laveau because of her special powers and ability to do exorcisms. She quickly overthrew the other voodoo queens of New Orleans. Gris-Gris is a voodoo amulet which is believed to protect whomever wears it from evil and will provide them with good luck. New Orleans voodoo is also known for their superstitions, however, they arent central to the actual faith. These superstitions are just resulted from ancient Louisana voodoo tradition and have influenced the faith. Why is Voodoo shown in a Negative Light? Im sure before I talked about voodoo, you expected something totally different. I, myself, thought voodoo was actually all about black magic and evil spirits. However, voodoo is not actually negative. When the early Haitian slaves came over to different parts of the world, they also brought over their faith. However, because they were black and their religion was not recognized, it was prejudged as evil. The priests were known as witchdoctors, the Loa were thought to be evil when in reality, the faith is not too different from any other religion out there. Also, because voodoo still has negative connotations, Hollywood puts out negative images of voodoo in movies, shows, and even music because they dont fully understand the real definition. Conclusion To go back to what was already said, voodoo is an actual tradition combined with religion and magic. It is an actual religion that in some parts of the world is practiced today. The two types of voodoo are Haitian voodoo and New Orleans voodoo and Ive already mentioned their similarities and differences. So now that you understand what voodoo really is you no longer have to be scared of it or find it creepy. Its just a religion. Now you can go out and discover new faiths, religions or traditions that you dont really know much about. Maybe it will become important to you someday.

Importance of Correlation Analysis in Decision Making free essay sample

Language plays an important role in the process of fostering unity among the races. Thus, the government has made Malay as the national language of our country. National Language Act 1967 has been allocated the Malay language as the official language. Starting in 1970, the discussion between the leaders has gradually replaced English as the medium of instruction in schools. Governments also undertook a campaign to promote the use of Malay with the launch of â€Å"Gerakan Cintailah Bahasa Kebangsaan†. Unity is an essential element for a country to be more advanced. In order to improve the quality of a country in all aspect, the citizen playing the most important roles. For an example, Malaysia is independent with the unity of people of different races in 1957. This shows that a country will not be established without the true unity among the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Correlation Analysis in Decision Making or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If one country has no unity where people is not trusting one another, the country will fall apart and lead to the the internal strife among the people. An dramatic example is the issue of the races riot happened on May 13,1969 in Malaysia. The internal conflict had caused 2000 people kill. This brings awareness to Malaysian that people without the true unity and the no trustworthy is capable to ruin a country. So we should turn our face to the sun and the shadows fall behind us. In order to avoid infighting among people, the spirit of unity should be planted in our souls. National language is important in every country as it is not only allow communication among the people but also increase the understanding of different ethnics among different races. National language plays an important role in the process of fostering unity among the races. This is because toleration and trustworthy among each other is needed to unite the people through understanding.

Free sample - First half of Forecasting and Second Half of Forecasting. translation missing

First half of Forecasting and Second Half of Forecasting. First half of Forecasting and Second Half of ForecastingIntroduction Hard Rock Cafe- from one pub in London in 1971 to more than 110 restaurants in more than 40 countries today, became a corporate-wide demand for better forecasting. Hard Rock uses long-range forecasting in setting a capacity plan and intermediate-term forecasting for locking in contracts for leather goods (used in jackets) and for such food items as beef, chicken, and pork. Its short-term sales forecasts are conducted each month, by cafe, and then aggregated for a headquarters view. Designing forecast system Before using forecasting techniques to analyze operations management problems, a manager must make three decisions: (1) what to forecast, (2) what type of forecasting technique to use, and (3) what type of tool to use. We discuss each of these decisions before examining specific forecasting techniques. Deciding the area of forecasting Although some sort of demand estimate is needed for the individual goods or services produced by a company, forecasting total demand for groups or clusters and then deriving individual product or service forecasts may be easiest. Also, selecting the correct unit of measurement (e.g., product or service units or machine-hours) for forecasting may be as important as choosing the best method. Different forecasting applications used at Hard Rock The forecaster's objective is to develop a useful forecast from the information at hand with the technique appropriate for the different characteristics of demand. This choice sometimes involves a trade-off between forecast accuracy and costs, such as software purchases, the time required to develop a forecast, and personnel, training. Two general types of forecasting techniques are used for demand forecasting: qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Lucent's CDP process uses a combination of both methods. Qualitative methods include judgment methods, which translate the opinions of man ­agers, expert opinions, consumer surveys, and sales-force estimates into quantitative estimates. Quantitative methods include causal methods and time-series analysis. Causal methods use historical data on independent variables, such as promotional campaigns, economic conditions, and competitors' actions, to predict demand. Time-series analysis is a statistical approach that relies heavily on historical demand data to project the future size of demand and recognizes trends and seasonal patterns. Hsiao.J.C. and D.SCleaver, 1982 Management Science, Houghton Mufflin Company, Boston.    A key factor in choosing the proper forecasting approach is the time horizon for the decision requiring forecasts. Forecasts can be made for the short term, medium term, and long term. SHORT TERM: In the short term managers typ ­ically are interested in forecasts of demand for individual products or services. There is little time to react to errors in demand forecasts, so forecasts need to be as accurate as possible for planning purposes. Time-series analysis is the method most often used for short-term forecasting. It is a relatively inexpensive and accurate way to generate the large number of forecasts required. Although causal models can be used for short-term forecasts, they are not used extensively for this purpose because they are much more costly than time-series analysis and require more time to develop. In the short term, operations managers rarely can wait for development of causal models, even though they may be more accurate than time-series models. Finally, managers use judgment methods for short-term forecasts when historical data are not available for a specific item, such as a new product. However, these forecast techniques also are more expensive than forecasts generated from time-series analysis. MEDIUM TERM: The time horizon for the medium term is three months to two years into the future. The need for medium-term forecasts relates to capacity planning. The level of forecast detail required is not as great as for the short term. Managers typically forecast total sales demand in dollars or in the number of units of a group (or family) of similar products or services. Causal models are commonly used for medium-term fore ­casts. These models typically do a good job of estimating the timing of turning points, as when slow sales growth will turn into rapid decline, which is useful to operations managers in both the medium and the long term. Some judgment methods of forecasting also are helpful in identifying turning points. As we mentioned earlier, however, they are most often used when no historical data exist. Time-series analysis typically does not yield accurate results in the medium or long term primarily because it assumes that existing patterns will continue in the future. Although this assumption may be valid for the short term, it is less accurate over longer time horizons. LONG TERM: For time horizons exceeding two years, forecasts usually are developed for total sales demand in dollars or some other common unit of measurement (e.g., barrels, pounds, or kilowatts). Accurate long-term forecasts of demand for individual products or services not only are very difficult to make but also are too detailed for long-range planning purposes. Three types of decisions- facility location, capacity planning, and process choice- require market demand estimates for an extended period into the future. Causal models and judgment methods are the primary techniques used for long-term forecasting. However, even mathematically derived causal-model forecasts have to be tempered by managerial experience and judgment because of the time horizon involved and the potential consequences of decisions based on them. POS system in forecasting at Hard Rock JUDGMENT METHODS When adequate historical data are lacking, as when a new product is introduced or technology is expected to change, firms rely on managerial judgment and experience to generate forecasts. Judgment methods can also be used to modify forecasts generated by quantitative methods, as is done with Lucent's forecasting process. In this section, we discuss four of the more successful methods currently in use: sales-force estimates, executive opinion, market research, and the Delphi method. SALES-FORCE ESTIMATES Sometimes the best information about future demand comes from the people closest to the customer. Sales-force estimates are forecasts compiled from estimates of future demands made periodically by members of a company's sales force. This approach has several advantages. The sales force is the group most likely to know which products or services customers will be buying in the near future, and in what quantities. Sales territories often are divided by district or region. The forecasts of individual sales-force members can be combined easily to get regional or national sales.  Ã‚   Salespeople may not always be able to detect the difference between what a customer "wants" (a wish list) and what a customer "needs" (a necessary purchase).   If the firm uses individual sales as a performance measure, salespeople may underestimate their forecasts so that their performance will look good when they exceed their projections or may work hard only until they reach then-required minimum sales. Name several variables that would be good predictors of daily sales and how could this information be gathered and used at each cafà © CAUSAL METHODS; LINEAR REGRESSION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Causal methods are used when historical data are available and the relationship between the factor to be forecasted and other external or internal factors can be identified. These relationships are expressed in math ­ematical terms and can be very complex. Causal methods provide the most sophisticated forecasting tools and are very good for predicting turning points in demand and preparing long-range forecasts. Although many causal methods are available, we focus here on lin ­ear regression, one of the best-known and most commonly used causal methods. In linear regression, one variable, called a dependent variable, is related to one or more independent variables by a linear equation. The dependent variable, such as demand for doorknobs, is the one the manager wants to forecast. The independent variables, such as advertising expenditures and new housing starts, are assumed to affect the dependent variable and thereby "cause" the results observed in the past. A linear regression line relates to the data. In technical terms, the regression line minimizes the squared deviations from the actual data. In the simplest linear regression models, the dependent variable is a function of only one independent variable, and therefore the theoretical relationship is a straight line: Y = a + bX  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ';-':  Ã‚  Ã‚   ' Y = dependent variable X = independent variable a = Y-intercept of the line b = slope of the line The objective of linear regression analysis is to find values of a and b that minimize the sum of the squared deviations of the actual data points from the graphed line. Computer programs are used for this purpose. For any set of matched observations for Y and X, the program computes the values of a and b and provides measures of fore ­cast accuracy. Three measures commonly reported are the sample correlation coeffi ­cient, the sample coefficient of determination, and the standard error of the estimate. The sample correlation coefficient, r, measures the direction and strength of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The value of r varies from -1.00 to +1.00. A correlation coefficient of +1.00 implies that period-by-period changes in direction (increases or decreases) of the independent variable are always accompanied by changes in the same direction by the dependent variable. How is forecasting carried out as an effective weapon in a company? Executive opinion- It is a fore ­casting method in which the opinions, experience, and technical knowledge of one or more managers are summarized to arrive at a single forecast. EXECUTIVE OPINION When a new product or service is contemplated, the sales force may not be able make accurate demand estimates. Executive opinion is a forecasting method in w the opinions, experience, and technical knowledge of one or more managers are summarized to arrive at a single forecast. As we discuss later, executive opinion can be use to modify an existing sales forecast to account for unusual circumstances, such as a new sales promotion or unexpected international events. Executive opinion can ate be used for technological forecasting. The quick pace of technological change make keeping abreast of the latest advances difficult Executive opinion can I costly because it takes valuable executive time. When actual sales are much lower than the forecasts, everyone blames someone else for the extra inventory that was created. Hence, the key to effective use of executive opinion is to ensure that the forecast reflects not a series of independent modifications but consensus among executives on a si ngle forecast. MARKET RESEARCH Market research is a systematic approach to determine consumer interest in a product or service by creating and testing hypotheses through data-gathering surveys. Market research may be used to forecast demand for the short, medium, and long term. Accuracy is excellent for the short term, good for the medium term, and only fair for the long term. Although market research yields important information, one short ­coming is the numerous qualifications and hedges typically included in the findings. For example, a finding might be "The new diet burger product received good customer acceptance in our survey; however, we were unable to assess its longer-term acceptance once other competitor products make their appearance." Another is that the typical response rate for mailed questionnaires is poor. Yet another shortcoming is the possibility that the survey results do not reflect the opinions of the market. Finally, the survey might produce imitative, rather than innova ­tive, ideas because the customer's reference point is often limited. T.F. Dodd, 1974, Sales Forecasting, Gower Press, England DELPHI METHOD This form of forecasting is useful when there are no his ­torical data from which to develop statistical models and when managers inside the firm have no experience on which to base informed projections. A coordinator sends a question to each member of the group of outside experts, who may not even know who else, is participating. Anonymity is important when some members of the group tend to dominate discussion or command a high degree of respect in their fields. In an anonymous group, the members tend to respond to the questions and support their responses freely. The coordinator prepares a statistical summary of the responses along with a summary of arguments for particular responses. The report is sent to the same group for another round, and the participants may choose to modify their previous responses. The Delphi method can be used to develop long-range forecasts of product demand and new-product sales projections. It can also be used for technological forecasting. The Delphi method can be used to obtain a consensus from a panel of experts who can devote their attention to following scientific advances, changes in society, governmental regulations, and the competitive environment. The results can provide direction for a firm's research and development staff. The Delphi method has some shortcomings, including the following major ones: The process can take a long time (sometimes a year or more). During that time, the panel of people considered to be experts may change, confounding the results or at least further lengthening the process.   Responses may be less meaningful than if experts were accountable for their responses.   There is little evidence that Delphi forecasts achieve high degrees of accuracy. However, they are known to be fair to good in identifying turning points in new-product demand. How is forecasting carried out in your organization (be sure to specify the level you are discussing)? 2) How does that relate to product development and services it offers? 3) What are the difficulties your organization faces most in coming up with accurate forecasts? Could they improve their forecasts by using different methods? GUIDELINES FOR USING JUDGMENT FORECASTS Judgment forecasting is clearly needed when no quantitative data are available to use quantitative forecasting approaches. However, judgment approaches can be used in concert with quantitative approaches to improve forecast quality. Among the guide ­lines for the use of judgment to adjust the results of quantitative forecasts are the fol ­lowing - Adjust Quantitative Forecasts When Their Track Record Is Poor and the Decision Maker Has Important Contextual Knowledge.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Contextual knowledge is knowledge that practitioners gain through experience, such as cause-and-effect relationships, environmental cues, and organizational information, that may have an effect on the variable being forecast. Often, these factors cannot be incorporated into quantitative forecasting approaches. The quality of forecasts generated by quantitative approaches also deteriorates as the variability of the data increases, particularly for time series. The more variable the data, the more likely it is that judgment forecasting will improve the forecasts. Consequently, the decision maker can bring valuable contextual information to the forecasting process when the quantitative approaches alone are inadequate. Make Adjustments to Quantitative Forecasts to Compensate for Specific Events.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Specific events such as advertising campaigns, the actions of competitors, or international developments often are not recognized in quantitative forecasting and should be acknowledged when a final forecast is being made. In the remainder of this chapter, we focus on the commonly used quantitative fore ­casting approaches. Conclusion Since Hard Rock Cafà © is a company founded at the end of 1971 based at a single site in London,   its growth is awesome. Within a very short time, the company has come to a great summit of success. From this modest start in 1971, the number and geographical spread of the customers have increased rapidly in part as a result of the company’s effective marketing strategies. These are very evident sources that the company has come through these desired objectives mentioned.       References 1. John C Chambers, Satinder K. Mullick and Donald. D. Smith, 1971, How to choose the right forecasting technique, Harvard business Review, July-August2. T.F. Dodd, 1974, Sales Forecasting, Gower Press, England.3. David .M. Georgoff and Robert Gmrdick, 1986, Manager’s Guide to forecasting, Harvard Business Review, January - February.4. Dunn, R. And K.D.Ramasingh, 1981, Management Science, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. Bombay.5. J.L.Riggs, Engineering Economics, McGraw-Hill.N.Y.2nd ed., 1982.Ch.3.6. Burns.T. and Stalker.G,The Management of Innovations, London : Tavistock Publications,1961.7. Foster, Douglas, 1982, Mastering Marketing, The Macmillan Press Ltd.8. Goldhar.J.D.MJelinek,1983 Plan for Economics for Scope, in Harvard Business Review, December.

Global Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Global Financial Management - Essay Example With reasons. We have an equation with only one unknown, so we can solve it to find PMT.The easy way is with a financial calculator. Input N=3, I/YR = 10, PV = 1000, FV = 0, and then press the PMT button to get PMT = 402.1148036, 10) Suppose that on January 1 you deposit $100 in an account that pays a nominal (quoted) interest rate of 11.33463%, with interest added (compounded) daily. How much will you have in your account on October 1, or 9 months later? (4) An important rule is that you should never show a nominal rate on a time line or use it in calculations unless what condition holds? (Hint: Think on annual compounding, when INom = EFF% = I per.). What would be wrong with your answers to part (1) and (20) if you used the nominal rate of 10% rather than the periodic rate Nom/2 = 10% /2 = 5%? INom can be used in the calculations only when annual compounding occurs. If the nominal rate of 10% were used to discount the payment stream, the present value would be overstated by $272.32- $247.59 = $24.73. 12) Suppose someone offered to sell you a note calling for the payment of $1000 in 15 months. They offer to sell it to you for $850 .You have $850 in a bank time deposit that pays a 6.76649% nominal rate with daily compounding, which is a 7% effective annual interest rate, and you plan to leave the money in the bank unless you buy the note. The note is not risky you are sure it will be paid on schedule. Should you buy the note? Check the decision in three ways (1) by comparing your future value if you buy the note verses leaving your money in the bank; (2) by comparing the PV of the note with your current bank account and (3) by comparing the EFF $ on the note with that of the bank

Dysfunctional Families of the 1920s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dysfunctional Families of the 1920s - Essay Example Even McBee (1999) points to the fact that "men enjoyed nothing better than staying out late and getting drunk" to wash away their more serious problems. Therefore societal issues such as divorce, discrimination, and economic distress as McBee (1999) describes, can be extremely damaging to the family's well being no matter what time table we are living in. They can in fact lead to the idea of the dysfunctional family. I do believe the Great Depression had a severe impact on the functioning of families in a way that led to many adversities such as drug abuse, alcoholism, and even sexual promiscuous in that defined time period. It is my belief that one of the greatest challenges for the male gender during this time period had to do with the beliefs and ideals that they were raised with. Men felt (and still do) that they had to provide adequate sustenance for the family at all times and if they could not do that then they considered themselves weak and became vulnerable to societal issues, specifically addictions. One of these beliefs is consequently the need to appear "perfect". Another belief that was evident in this time was the belief that men had in regard to the woman's role in the family. Because of the fact that men did not want women to work and also seemingly alienated them, as well as discluded them to a certain degree, it impacted the family during the Great Depression and promoted addictive behaviors onto women as well. However, Chasnoff (1989) claimed that women "were quick to seek help," while men lived in a disillusionment of what was really transpiring within the family, therefore creating more dysfunction whether it was intentional or unintentional. This of course was the central plot of beliefs that, in my opinion, created more disparity among the genders and of which promoted the psychological thought of dysfunctional families in America. In general it is true that there existed those who already had poor moral values, but due to the poorer outlook of the economy it promoted more of a hardship and again took many down a path towards mental incapacity and an inability to function normally on a daily basis. Addictions such as alcoholism, chronic drug use, eating disorders, and uncontrollable anger slowly began tearing at the families and disintegrating life as it was known in that time before the Great Depression. As was stated, the dysfunction of women was brought on by the acting of the men during the 20's and 30's. Therefore their inability to cope is far more understandable than the male genders actions were. After all, history has shown that men are suppose to carry the more heavy burdens for the family, not crumble beneath them like many men did during the Great Depression. "Many women turned to alcohol and drugs", according to Degler (1980) in order to try and wipe away their own inadequacies that society itself was placing on them. These stemmed from inequality and gender discrimination in their lives. For instance, women have been treated almost like property by men for a good number of generations and these feelings were very high in the 20's and 30's; specifically with so much economical disparity occurring all around everyday people. Women in society were basically "demoralized and held down" (Degler 1980). Although women desired to be treated as self-individuals many times in Ame rican society they were not and any form of independence was

GUN CONTROL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GUN CONTROL - Essay Example Therefore, this paper will focus on the importance of gun control in the entire community. Most of the people claim to be in need guns for their self-defense but most of the people misuse them to trouble others. Most suicide and murder cases recently, have been as a course of firearms in most cases; it is not in self-defense (Lott 126).The controlling of firearms that are available to the public, will decrease the lives lost because people will no longer use the guns to cause harm. However, most criminals attack the unarmed people and avoid the armed, as they are harder to prey on. Therefore, as much as the general social safety is enhanced, the individual will not be safe. This is because of insufficient protection and they will fall prey to most criminals. Apart from self-defense, the members of the public who own guns use them for other purposes ways that are productive to the society while others are a threat to the society. The major one is hunting. Hunting is a culture in most communities and the banning of guns means that the culture has to stop its ways of living. It is very hard to find better options for cultures and the public will find it to be a hard task. This may lead some of them to looking for other alternatives that may be poorer and cause more harm to the society (Wuest 116). Firearms have been more protection to the women more than it has to the men. This is because the women are taken to be generally the weaker gender and are therefore more prone to attacks than males are. This is true to some extent because apart from general robbery, women are prone to rape. A woman with a gun is likely to scare of her assailant but an unarmed one is likely to be defeated because she has no protection that would much up to the attacker’s ability (Kleck 126). A national survey indicated that approximately 95 percent of the people with guns just have to wave their weapon to scare the attackers away and prevent the attack overly (Lott 97). Firearms ha ve also caused a lot of harm within the society through accidents. It is generally advised that guns should be locked when in the residences of the users but rarely do people follow this directive. This is because a locked gun has to be unloaded and there is really no need to carry around the gun. This is because it cannot protect the user (Kleck 277). This has led to many people leaving the guns loaded in their homes in places easily reached by the small children The small children are ignorant of the use of a gun and some of the older ones are adventurous. This leads to them using the guns, which inflicts harm to them or to other people around them. Controlling of the ownership of firearms will reduce the accidents in the residences of the owners and therefore reduce the deaths of the innocent children. Another positive effect of the gun power is that there will be expansion of other industries that deal with provision of security. The security industries should be licensed to pos sess guns to safeguard the society. The society will have to look for alternative methods to guard themselves and for self-protection. As a result, the industries that deal with manufacturing the equipment for self-defense will benefit. Protection against burglary in the houses can be maintained by use of a simple anti-theft alarm. This is effective and with no side effects on the owner. In self-defense, Stun and teaser guns are

Relationship Between Asset Price and Monetary Policy

Relationship Between Asset Price and Monetary Policy With the development of capital market and the innovation of finance, asset prices have taken a more prominent role in financial economy. Meanwhile, financial crisis and economy turbulences arouse by abnormal assets price fluctuation appear in many countries. Currently, China is confronted with the reality of asset prices inflation. Asset prices rapidly fluctuation bought gigantic impact to monetary policy, therefore, study the relationship between asset price and monetary policy according to Chinas economy is significant. This dissertation applies correlation analysis, unit root test, cointegration test and Granger causality test in the empirical analysis of the relationship between asset price and monetary policy, from the data analysis, we could conclude that asset prices and monetary policy have a long-term relationship. The central bank should focus on the role of asset price on the transmit mechanism of monetary policy. 1. Introduction Motivation With the development of modern capital market and financial innovation, the world economy has into the financial economy era, and disappears increasingly capitalization, virtualization trends. It is no doubt that modern capital market has provided a powerful lever for economic growth, but its instability also cause macroeconomic fluctuations , and in particular the asset price bubbles, which is becoming a key factor for financial crisis and economic fluctuations. So far, the most developed Western countries have experienced a long period of rapid growth, concern is that global asset price has increased sharply in recent years. In the late 1980s, the stock market and real estate in Japan as the representative of asset prices have greatly increased ,which also caused Japanese economy into the bubble economy, the credit crunch and economic recession arising from the bubble economy have serious negative effects so far. In 2006, the Dow Jones industrial average index in USA was beyond the highest point of network technology bubble expansion from 2000, the stock market of many other developed and emerging market countries generally strongly increased and was beyond history records. In addition to the security market , the global real estate, gold and oil market are also very active. In 2001-2005, real estate prices have nearly doubled in many developed countries, meanwhile, real estate price in many developing countries has also generally increased . In May 2006, the international spot gold price reached USD per ounce 718 score in New York City market since 1980. In mid-July 2006, the International crude oil futures price GE exceeded the highest record to reach 75 USD/barrel. But, inevitably brought the more serious financial crisis in 2007, which has caused huge economic fluctuations to the economy from 2007. In China, securities market have established for ten years, the shares of negotiable securities in the structure of residents capital portfolios continued to be increasing, in 1992, the total value of Chinese stock market is 1048 billion yuan, accounting for only 3.9% of gross domestic product (GDP) ratio . But in 2007, the stock market value is 327141 billion yuan, the ratio of market value in GDP has being greatly rising to 130% , which is 312 times growth compared with the total stock market value in 1992 . Not only a huge amount, but also the fluctuations of asset prices have become more frequent and intense. In 2006-2007, Chinese economy under the driven of stock market and real estate market has a certain degree of asset price bubbles. While in the same time , Chinese economy is actually facing the reality of asset price falling from the top digit, shanghai security market falls rapidly from the peak position in 2007, the stock market bubbles receive the extrusion, the real est ate market similarly is also facing the similar situation, house price of major cities has falls obviously, the turnover falls into the valley. All of these financial crisis constantly are reminding people that the worldwide economic fluctuations are characterized by the financial instability , and economic cyclical fluctuations, instead of disappearing, and to be getting worse, cause considerable economic depression, frequent asset price volatility and financial crisis and economic recession arising from the asset market collapse, hence , the government should focus on the asset prices on the role of macroeconomic fluctuations and the central bank in the world have to consider the information from asset price fluctuations. The Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan and Bernanke concern much about monetary policy and asset price volatility. Alan Greenspan proposed central banks should be more concerned about the issue of asset price bubbles in the anniversary meeting celebrating the establishment of the Bank of England in 1994 . Chairman Bernanke is an internationally recognized as the founder of monetary policy and asset price researc h. At their encouragement , the international academic community and the national central banks have recent research and debate whether the monetary authorities should intervene directly in asset price fluctuations. These research and debates are from the different backgrounds in different countries, in accordance with their different assumptions and premises, provide some significance policy advice. Financial markets in particular capital market deepening and broad-based, and financial innovation enables financial institutions have diversity features. The boundaries of currency and other financial assets is blurring, money supply and real economic variables lost stability, the monetary policy impact on the real economy is no longer limited to traditional approaches, according to the traditional Keynesian theory, this impact on consumption and investment mainly through interest rate variable . But as the improvement of financial system and increase of financial assets stock , monetary policy can also use the wealth effect of asset prices and Tobin q to affect the consumption and investment, causing the changes of total demand, in stick price, the aggregate demand led to a change in the output , and cause the effect of the output changes on demand, if the aggregate demand exceeds the aggregate supply ,it can lead to inflation pressures. This series of transmission mechanism make t he role of asset market on the real economy become more prominent, asset price has become a major transmission channel of monetary policy . From the reality in China, the rapidly development of asset markets have a key role in our national economy, the impact of real estate market and stock market on economic and monetary policy are becoming increasingly apparent. In fact, the Chinese monetary authorities have also already begin to pay attention to the relationship of asset price and monetary policy . Xiaochuan, Zhou , as the Governor of Chinese central bank ,says that the central bank concerns about changes in asset prices and gives full attention to information from asset price when formulating and implementing monetary policy. Therefore, study the relationship between asset price and monetary policy in Chinese economy is significant. This dissertation analyze the relationship of asset price and monetary policy systematically, and will use econometric methodology to seek to explore the relationship between asset price and monetary policy in China by using quarterly statistics from 1998 to 2008. I will estimate the relationship between monetary policy variables and asset price variables , through correlation analysis, unit root test, cointergration test Granger Causality test to get the conclusion. This dissertation conclude the results that ¼Ã… ¡monetary policy and asset price have a long-term relationship, in a short time, the monetary policy aggravated the asset price fluctuations to some degree, the asset market appeared to be rapidly soared and shirked in a short period of time. The central bank should focus on the role of asset price on the transmit mechanism of monetary policy. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Empirical Studies from Western Economists The research from western economists on relationship of asset price fluctuations and monetary policy mainly reflects the two views. First, asset price and monetary policy do not exist the causal relationship on behavior , and the only relationship is on the information that reflects the present and future output growth. Another view on research of asset price fluctuation and monetary policy is that asset price can affect consumption and investment through wealth effects , the change of capital cost and asset price fluctuations affect consumption and investment respectively through wealth effects and Tobin q, thus affect the financial institutions status of assets and liabilities , further affect the stability of the financial system. It is evidently that asset price has become the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Frank Smets (1997) is one of the economist who systematically analysis the optimal monetary policy that Central Bank should response on asset price change. He has proposed the following important viewpoint: how the central bank should respond to monetary policy reflecting the unexpected change of asset price, how this change affect the central banks inflation forecast. There are two factors affecting the central bank forecast inflation. First is that the effect of asset price on transmitting mechanism of monetary policy. Second is that the unique information on asset price. He established a simple macro-economic model that contains equation of Phillips curve, aggregate demand on financial asset prices (as represented by the stock price) , arbitrage and dividend , he uses this model to examine the variety of ways that change of financial assets price affect the real economy, and analysis the optimal monetary policy of central bank response to financial asset price movements. He demons trate that the optimal monetary policy of central bank response to financial asset price movements, that is, according to the structure of established model , weighted average of the short-term interest rate ( traditional intermediary target of monetary policy) and asset price as price index — monetary conditions index (MCI) , and regard this index as the target of monetary policy operations, therefore it can properly guide central bank make effectively response on monetary policy to change of financial assets price. Gunnarsson and Lindqvist (1997) have discussed the role of asset price on monetary policy from the wealth effect on change of asset price and the effect of inflation. They conclude that the monetary policy should be given more attention on the change of asset price, although it is very difficult to explain. They believe that the change of asset price affect monetary policy as long as this change is long-term change, and in recent years, the impact of this change of asset prices on the economic has been more and more important, so the central bank should spend more energy to analyze the relationship of asset prices and monetary policy, although this relationship is hard to explain but indeed existing. They believe that asset price as an indicator for monetary policy might contribute to the inflation forecast. B.Bemanke and M.Gcrtler (2000,2001) have provided that :In an particular assigned situation , the monetary policy respond to the change of asset price is determined by if existing of the inflation or the deflation pressure on real economy or not, if this change of asset price do not bring the inflation or the deflation pressure on the real economy, then the monetary policy does not need to respond to this kind change of asset price, but If this change of asset price indicates that it indeed brings the inflation or the deflation pressure on the real economy, then the monetary policy should make some response to alleviates this pressure. They propose the above policy seriously under the system frame of flexible currency inflation goal. Cecchetti, Genberg, Lipsky and Wadhwani (2000) have noted that how the central bank respond to asset price fluctuation mainly depends on the nature of the asset price fluctuation. When only have the shock of financial aspect on macro-economy, the central banks exchange rate policy should make an appropriate response, because doing so will avoid the financial shock on the stability of real economy . When the central banks target is to minimize the fluctuations of Inflation ratio and economic output gap to their target value , the central bank take possible action to eliminate the negative effects of financial volatility is a very good thing. 2.2 Empirical Studies from Chinese Scholars After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the scholars in China have began to research the relationship between asset price and monetary policy. From a theoretical viewpoint, on the one hand, monetary policy have an impact on asset prices through the adopted operation tool, on the other hand, as a virtual asset relatively to physical asset , asset price fluctuations can also have some impact on peoples consumption and investment behaviour, hence, affect economic development through consumer and investment , further transmit monetary policy purpose to the real economy. Xiaoan Qian (1998) finds that change of asset price make a difficulty in monetary policy transmission mechanism, this will cause the certain effects on monetary quantity management, inflation control and financial risk avoidance. The increase of asset price has been made transmission role of the monetary policy in the currency market change and become a source of funds in the asset markets, causing short-term funds long-term occupation , so that the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to occur difficulty. Part of funds seperated from the bank system, directly to the virtual asset markets. Wenjun Xun (2000) believes that the development of capital market increase the number of the emerging non-bank organization such as superannuation fund, the mutual fund, the Insurance company and so on, the bank also participates in the competition of capital market , the effect of the capital market on the real economy gradually highlight, the transmitted mechanism of monetary policy increases, economic subject and its behavior are diversity, uncertainty about the economical movement increases, therefore the transmitted mechanism of monetary policy is more complex. They thinks that Central Banks monetary policy should control official interest rate through the market , thus indirectly influence the bond and the stock market price in capital market, further influence real economy, achieves the monetary policy goal. Qiang Qu (2001) has found that it is difficult to put asset prices as the goal of direct control of monetary policy in the monetary policy operations, the possibilities and accuracy of establishment of general asset price index is very small, asset prices can only be used as an indirect reference, in short, to concern on it , but not target on it. Gang Yi and Zhao Wang (2002) have considered that monetary policy have impact on financial asset prices (in particular the stock price), the relationship of currency quantity and inflation not only depends on the price of goods and services, and in a certain degree depends on the stock market. Tianyong Guo(2006) has affirmed the role of asset price fluctuation on real economy , financial stability and monetary policy through analysis, at the same time, he also points out that the asset price as regulatory targets exist difficulties. Chang Cui (2007) analysis the role of asset price on monetary policy through the model , in asset price inflation period, the central bank can take the measure of interest rate for a given period too control asset price fluctuation, and control the money supply when asset price bubbles exist will receive immediate effect. While in asset price downturn period , interest rate adjust asset price have obvious and relatively durable effect. Yuanquan Yu (2008) obtains through the empirical analysis: the asset price has a certain influence on macroeconomic , particularly the effect of house price is more obvious. Therefore, the Central Bank must give the appropriate attention and control on asset price in the implement of monetary policy . In an conclusion, the asset price fluctuations have an certain impact on the ultimate objective of monetary policy, we can not ignore the unique role of asset price on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and the macro-economic activities. The central bank should concentrate on the effect of asset prices on monetary policy, particularly in asset prices fluctuations periods, the vast majority of economists believe that the central bank should take an certain monetary policy to address and reduce the negative effect of the economy. For most of research focuses on the study of asset price fluctuation and its relationship with monetary policy, the role of asset prices in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy , as well as the effect size issues ,this dissertation based on the domestic and foreign scholar research results , deeply analyzes the transmitted mechanism of monetary policy in asset price through the impact of monetary policy on asset price . 3. Data Description This dissertation focus on the relationship between asset price and monetary policy in China according to the quarterly statistics during the year of 1998 to 2008. This dissertation mainly use the stock price (index) and house price(hsp) as indicators of asset price , and use boarder money supply (m2), financial institution loan (loan), real rate (rate) as indicators of monetary policy for simplicity. Due to the amount of the data of these variables are really great, we take log of these variables to analyze. This dissertation get all needed data from China Economic Information Network, which is a professionals institution engage in the development of economic data resources and services, provide data support, data integration, and other business data analysis for government and research institutions. All the quarterly data we need from 1998 to 2008 is recorded in the China Economic Information Network. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ 3.1 Indicators for asset price in China Asset prices generally including stock prices, bonds, prices, and even exchange rate, and other financial assets and house prices. However, the stock price and house price have a significant effect on real economy, and its fluctuations can have a key role in monetary policy decision-making, hence, in this dissertation , we will use the stock price and house price refer to the asset price. In particular, the Shanghai securities composite index is on behave of the stock price for data limitations, Shanghai securities composite index is established by the Shanghai stock market to reflect the Shanghai securities trading market overall trend. House price is on behave of the average house price in China. We can easily get these data from the China Economic Information Network. 3.2 Indicators for monetary policy in China Monetary policy refers to the Government or the Central Bank influence economic activity, especially by money supply control and regulation of interest rates. To achieve a specific goal or maintain target — for example, curbing inflation ,achieving full employment and economic growth, directly or indirectly through open market operations and setting the minimum reserve rate. There are many factors needed to be consider in implementing monetary policy, for data restrictions, in this dissertation ,we mainly consider the variable of boarder money supply, financial institution loan and real rate. First, boarder money supply (lnm2) indicates the change of aggregate supply and pressure condition of inflation in the future. In china, boarder money supply is narrow money supply plus the saving, foreign currency and fiduciary deposits of government, organizations, services, businesses and institutions in financial institution. Boarder money supply can be used as a medium and long-term equilibrium target to regulate of financial markets .It is usually the rate of boarder money supply increasing should be controlled at the sum rate of economic growth and price inflation, monetary movement. Second, financial institution loan have some disadvantage as a indicators of monetary policy. First, it is closely associated with the monetary policy objective. Currency circulation and deposit currency caused by loan, the Central Bank control the size of the loan, which also mean to control the money supply. Second, financial institution loan is an accuracy an endogenous variable , loan size is positive correlation with loan demand. As a policy variables, loan size and the demand also have a positive correlation. Furthermore, data of financial institution loan is easily accessible . Third, real rate refers to the real rate of interest return that the depositors and investors can get after eliminating of inflation rate, it is calculate as nominate rate minus CPI. Real rate can be used as the indicator of Central Banks monetary policy due to following reasons : (1) real rate reflect the supply of money and credit, and able to show the relative supply and demand, it is correlation with nominal interest rate ,High level of interest rate is thought to be a tight, low interest rate level of convergence are considered monetary relaxation. (2) real rate belongs to the Central Bank , the Central Bank can use this tools to increase or decrease in interest rates. Table 1: denotation for Variables denotation Variables Implication Lnindex Shanghai securities composite index Shanghai securities trading market overall trend Lnhsp House price Real estate price Lnloan Loan financial institution aggregation loan domestic Lnm2 M2 boarder money supply: M2+M1 Rate Real rate nominate rate minus CPI. 4. Economic Theory and Econometric Model The effectiveness of monetary policy depends not only on the sensitivity of economic subjects on policy signal , but also on numerous external factors of financial system. According to the traditional Keynesian theory, when implementing expansionary monetary policy, increase of money supply will lead to rate decline, i.e. capital costs decreasing, further increasing investment expenditure, hence increasing aggregate demand and aggregate output. Meanwhile, increase of money supply will lead to the bank reserve and deposit increase, thus enhanced bank to increase the loan quantity, the fund that the borrower attains increase, then the total quantity investment will increase, which also lead to the quantity of aggregate demand increase, hence, the total output also rise. We will use following econometric model to analyze the relationship of asset price and monetary policy. 4.1. Analyzing correlation coefficient The correlation coefficient is a measure of two variables relate to each other and their close degree of effective tools. Its absolute value is close to 1 description of relevance, the stronger between variables, the more its relevance with 0. If the correlation coefficient is positive, then the variables presented to changes in the relationship, with one variable with another variable changes. But if the correlation coefficient is negative, then the variables are changes in the relationship in the opposite direction. Using correlation coefficient can be better measured variables and between monetary policy and asset price correlation between Extent its positive and negative symbol can indicate the variable ask changes direction. Generally used to be associated matrix said. 4.2. Testing for Nonstationary In time series, stationary is a key concept, as it allows powerful techniques for modelling and forecasting to be developed. Stationary is generally regarded as some pattern of data stable or equilibrium. Stationary time series have constant mean and variance, but its covariance only determined by the time distance. However, when time series could not analyze as stationary, this types of time series always have a strong upwards or downward trend over time, we call it as nonstationary, and we can use differencing as an effective tool to transform a nonstationary time series into a stationary time series. Sometimes, Transforming a nonstationary time series into a stationary one needs more than once differencing operation. Generally speaking, if the differencing needs to be operated at least d times to achieve a stationary time series where d is the order of integration, then the time series is said to be integrated of order d, denoted by I(d). Hence, the I(1) time series also referred to have a unit root, while the I(0) time series are stationary. Dickey and Fuller (1979) provided an effective method to test a time series is stationary or nonstationy time series, which is also called as Dickey-Fuller (DF) test. The elementary object is to test the null hypothesis that the time series have a unit root or not. The model the Dickey-Fuller (DF) test involves bellows In this dissertation , indicates the variables on monetary policy and asset price at time t. ÃŽ ± denotes unknown parameter and denotes the trend. denotes the first difference which . Also, the t-statistic for testing the null hypothesis that H0: =0 against the alternative hypothesis H1: While the index and real rate variable we consider under the model H0: against H1: We also can identify the fittest lag k by running the ADF(k) test, choosing the fitted order k that gives the minimum AIC and BIC. 4.3 Cointegration Formally, Engle and Granger (1987) defined the cointegration as if there exists a linear combination of two or more I(d) time series which is I(d) with d In practice, we usually use cointegration test to exam the long-run relationship among variables in economics. If times series have relationship between variables, and the trend of the two time series has been common, and thus there will be a linear combination of these time series give us an stationary time series. In this dissertation , we test the long-run relationship between monetary policy variable and asset price variable by cointegration test .First, we consider the regression of two I (1) time series. The model is To test { } and { } are cointegrated, we need to exam that the residuals term { } is stationary .If the residuals term is I (1), then this two times series do not have a cointegration, otherwise , if the residuals term is I (o), then this two times series are cointegrated. Under this case, to test the residuals for unit root ,we can conduct DF/ADF-statistic test. In this paper, we denote that monetary policy variables as and we regress on a constant and one of the asset price variables as . 4.4. Causality Test Granger (1969) provided that Granger causality test can apply generally for testing the causal relationship on two time series.Granger causality means that if { } Granger causes{ } then { } have a predict power of { } , given any other variables. More formally, it is said that { } Granger causes { }; when the forecast of given data on { } and { } outperforms the forecast of given data on { }only. Granger causality is only related to the predictability of { } using { } and is not concerned as to whether{ }causes { }, it could be that { } Granger causes { } but { } is not causal for { },and vice versa. To test for Granger causality, we could estimate the regression by OLS In this dissertation , denotes an indicator of asset price, i.e. Shanghai composite index (lnindex) , house price ( lnhsp) , Also,denotes the indicator of monetary policy, i.e. financial institutions aggregate loan (lnloan), broad money (lnm2), real interest rate (rate) . Then conduct an F test on the null hypothesis against the alternative at least one of the is not zero. If we reject the null hypothesis, then { } has predictive power for { } and therefore, { } Granger causes { }, on the other hand, if we fail to reject the null hypothesis, then { } has no predictive power for { }, therefore, { } does not Granger causes { }.We usually test the two times series for Granger causality in pairs, that is, first test whether { } Granger causes { } and then test whether { } Granger causes { }.If two variables have Grange causality relationship in both directions, i.e. { } Granger causes { } and { } Granger causes { }, then we could regard these two varibles have causality relationship in both directions, that means these two variables are related. If two variables have Granger causality in one direction, e.g. { } Granger causes { } but { } does not Granger cause { }, then we can conclude that these two variable just have a one way causality relationship. 5. Presentation and Interpretation of Results 5.1. correlation coefficient between monetary policy variables and asset prices variables We analysis the correlation between monetary policy variables and stock prices variable according to the data provided by China Economic Information Network, and the correlation coefficients are presented in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2 Correlation coefficient between lnindex and lnloan,lnm2,rate in 1998-2008 Lnindex Lnloan Lnm2 Rate Lnindex 1.000000 Lnloan 0.4829 1.000000 Lnm2 0.4867 0.9980 1.000000 Rate -0.4717 -0.9013 -0.9067 1.000000 As we can see, stock price (Lnindex) has correlation relationship with all monetary policy variables. With a higher stock price, loan and money supply will be increased, while real rate will be decreased. For monetary variables, loan and M2 have a strong positive correlation, and M2 have a strong negative correlaton with real rate. In conclusion , for the stock price variable, it has basically the positive correlation with the loan and money supply variables , and has negatively correlation with the real rate. Table 3 Correlation coefficient between lnhsp and lnloan,lnm2,rate in 1998-2008 Lnhsp Lnloan Lnm2 Rate Lnhsp 1.000000 Lnloan 0.9667 1.000000 Lnm2 0.9633 0.9980 1.000000 Rate -0.8453 -0.9013 -0.9067 1.000000 From table 3, we can see house price (Lnhsp) has correlation relationship with all monetary policy variables. With a higher house price, loan and money supply will be increased, while real rate still will be decreased. In conclusion ,for the house price variable, it has basically the strong positive correlation with the loan and money supply variables , and has strong negatively correlation with the real rate. 5.2.Results for unit root test We exam monetary policy variables and asset prices variables by Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) to test the stationary of time series. First ,we choose the AIC and BIC to determine the fitted lag it suggest that the optimal lag for time series is lag k =1,Then we run ADF to test stationary of time series. Results are below: Table 4 ¼Ã… ¡Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test for Variables Series ADF Test critical values Results 5% 1% Lnhsp -1.685 -3.41 -3.96 have a unit root Lnindex -2.085 -2.86 -3.43 have a unit root Lnm2

Hatred Against Work Essay -- Employment, Slavery

Throughout history, mankind has worked. Work is a physical effort made towards a purpose. Work has been done in all aspects and forms. Whether it was working on a farm, picking crops or working in office, analyzing data, different forms of work are done. Due to work, our society is able to enjoy unimaginable luxuries and the economy thrives off such success. However, work has altered mankind. Because of work, we have become slaves in our own society. Not only do we work long hours during our job, but we even have to sacrifice our own free time to work on other work related tasks. Such views can be illustrated through the works of Antler, an American poet. His poems, Factories Are Boxcars Full of Jews and Written After Learning Slaves in Ancient Greece and Rome Had 115 Holidays a Year demonstrate my views of how negatively work affects us. Work has altered our sensibilities, making us almost animals. Antler, who mainly wrote on nature and factories, develops such anti-work themes in both of his poems. Through just the first stanzas of both poems, he illustrates his views. Workers are "brainwashed robotzombies", "crucified their whole lives"(Written 9/ Factories 26). Every year, the number of workers increase but the "cells of urban hives" remain the same (Factories 1). The human spirit is killed each year by work. Were not creating loving boys and girls, but rather " better murder weapon", all in hopes of a higher standard of living (Written 4). "Work is a curse", changing men into beast. It is work that led to the murder of 6 million Jews, contributing in some way to the death of our planet. What "difference [is there] between [workers] and Nazis", if what Nazis did to the Jews is what workers in "factories are doing to the ... ...ing through society. In hopes of higher standards of living, we fall into a life of work, becoming "socialization lobotomies"(Written 10). Each day, we follow the same routine as brain-dead machines , going to work in the morning and returning at night. Society is not creating better individuals but rather better workers. Antler is a nonconformist, who despises the notion of work and factories. His inspiration come through the forest and rivers, where he spends nearly two months every year in the wilderness. His poems, Factories Are Boxcars Full of Jews and Written After Learning Slaves in Ancient Greece and Rome Had 115 Holidays a Year reflect such negative views about work. Work is a dark pit, which if someone falls into, there's no getting out. Work has done nothing more than brought misery on our planet and create the largest scale of slavery in history.

Cortes Conquers the Aztecs: Spanish Conquest or Indian Civil War Essay

The Spanish conquests of Montezuma and the Aztecs were both a Spanish conquest as well as an Indian civil war. The thing that ties them both together is the Conquistador Hernan Cortes. You could argue for both sides as to which played a more significant part in the fall of the Aztecs, however, I feel they both played an equal role in the defeat of the Aztecs and the fall of Tenochititlan to the Spaniards. When Cortes first came to Mexico, he did not know the language spoken by the Indian tribes. He was fortunate enough to have two interpreters; Aguilar, a shipwrecked Spaniard who had learned the Maya language, and Malinche. Malinche was a young maiden â€Å"given† to Cortes as an offering. Between her and Aguilar, Cortes was able to become familiar with the way the Aztecs lived, thought, and fought. He used this tactic to aid in expedition and to guard against any attacks. By far, one of the biggest downfalls of Montezuma and the Aztecs was the role of the God Quetzalcoatl. The majority of the Aztecs’ lives and beliefs was centered on their Gods. One of their biggest beliefs was of the God Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent. Montezuma believed that Cortes was the human version of Quetzalcoatl. The legend of Quetzalcoatl depicted a bearded, white God who looked similar to Cortes. Quetzalcoatl was prominent during the Toltec rule and had supposedly left the valley because he was unhappy with the way things were. The Aztecs believed he was expected to return and bring back good times and good fortune. Cortes took advantage of their beliefs and immersed himself into the Aztecs lives. Against the advice of his royal family, Montezuma welcomed Cortes and the Spaniards with open arms. They wanted Montezuma to kill the foreigners. The Aztecs tried giving the Spaniards gold and other riches to get them to leave their city. This only fueled their desire and ambitions for more, and they refused to leave. The more they gave, the more the Spaniards wanted. Cortes made Montezuma a prisoner of his own city, which led to an uprising by the Aztecs known as â€Å"La Noche Triste†, or The Sad Night. Many lives were lost on both sides. Many other factors contributed to Cortes’ victory over the Aztecs. His soldiers had far more superior weapons and they had horses. The Aztecs were very afraid of the horses because they had never seen anything like them before. Disease also played a huge part in the defeat of the Aztecs. The Spanish brought ailments that the Aztecs had no immunities for. Three-fourths died from either violence or diseases such as small-pox and the measles in just the first century of the conquests. The Aztecs’ tactics of war were quite different from those of the Spaniards, and this was also a point in the Spaniards’ favor. The Spaniards fought to kill. The Aztecs did not. The Aztecs fought to capture and get prisoners so they could later use them as human sacrifices to their Gods. In fact, Cortes himself was captured several times but was re-captured by his men and rescued. The most important factor by far in the defeat of the Aztecs by Cortes, according to some historians, is the help he received from the other suppressed Indian tribes in the area. This is why I believe one could view this as not only a Spanish conquest, but also as an Indian civil war. These other Indian tribes chose to help Cortes fight because they felt they would benefit greatly from the defeat of the Aztecs. They were tired of living under the Aztecs’ rule and saw Cortes as a type of hero, or liberator. They were more than happy to help wage a war against the Aztecs if it meant they could have better lives. After many deaths on both sides, The Aztec capitol fell in August of 1521. After capturing Tenochititlan, the Spaniards destroyed the city and on top of it built was is now present day Mexico City. I believe the preceding statements support my argument that the most important factors in the demise of Montezuma and the Aztecs were from the equal combination of having to deal with a Spanish conquest and an Indian civil war. Sources: Vigil, James Diego From Indians to Chicano Internet site, Then Again Info World History Chronology Project; www.thenagaininfo Matthew, Roy T. and F. DeWitt Platt Western Humanities Sullivan, Richard E., Dennis Sherman and John B. Harrison A Short history of Western Civilization Wood, Michael A Legacy- The Search for Ancient Cultures

Football Coaching Essay Example

Football Coaching Essay Example Football Coaching Essay Football Coaching Essay Football coaches develop the knowledge, techniques and motivation of football teams and players. They train players at all levels, from beginners to top As a football coach you would: plan coaching activities, sessions and programmes provide feedback and give advice on players performance, fitness and technical skills develop and discuss strategies and tactics for both individual and team play give guidance on nutrition, and injury recognition and prevention research good practice and innovative examples of coaching from around the world advise players on how to keep up a positive mental attitude and self-discipline. At a higher level, you may also: analyse matches and player performance data design innovative training methods and programmes deal with the media. You could coach at amateur level, working in the community with children, youth or adult teams (often as a volunteer), or at semi-professional and professional level, with players in football academies and league clubs. As a community football coach you would work with clubs, schools and local authorities, using football as a means of personal and social development. You would work closely with local community organisations to develop opportunities for young eople to get involved in sporting activities. Hours Many coaches are part-time, and you would often combine your coaching with other full-time work, for example coaching for two evenings during the week and attending games or tournaments at the weekend. Attending training sessions and matches can mean working long and often unsocial hours in all weathers. Income Community football coaches can earn between E16,OOO and E24,OOO a year. : Football League/Premiership coaches may earn between E25,OOO and around E250,OOO, depending on the role of the coach and the level of the club. Football coaches are often employed for a few hours a week, and paid an hourly rate. Figures are intended as a guideline only. Entry requirements You can qualify as a coach by completing Football Association (FA) coaching qualifications (often called badges), which start at Level 1 and go all the way through to the UEFA A Licence for the semi-professional and professional game. You would begin by taking one of the following qualifications, depending on your experience: Level 1 Award in Coaching Football Level 2 Certificate in Coaching Football. The Level 1 Award introduces the basics of coaching theory and practice and would e suitable for someone without experience or who assists a coach in a team. The Level 2 Certificate is aimed at those who already have some experience in coaching and/or playing and teaches how to plan, conduct and evaluate training sessions, using different coaching styles. These are widely available at colleges and training centres, are open to anybody over 16 who has a keen interest in sport and can be used to work with football players of all ages. 1st4sport Qualifications accredits the Level 1 and 2 coaching awards and you can find more detailed information about them on their website. st4sport Qualifications Football (Opens new window) Volunteering at a local amateur football club is a good way to get started and gain some experience in coaching. Check the FA Find a Club page for contact details of your nearest clubs. FA Find a Club (Opens new window) The FA also offers a range of coaching qualifications if you wish to work with people with disabilities or want to concentrate on coaching children and at youth levels. To work with children, either as a volunteer or paid coach, you will need to pass background checks by the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). See the DBS website for more information about checks. Disclosure and Barring Service (Opens new window) You can find full details of routes into coaching, volunteering, and local and national courses on the FA website. FA Become a Coach (Opens new window) You could also gain coaching qualifications and experience as part of a university course in sports coaching, sports science, sports studies or physical education. Once you nave completed qualifications up to Level 2 and nave experience ot coaching, you could progress to the higher level FA qualifications. Training and development After achieving the Level 2 Certificate in Coaching Football you can apply for the UEFA B Licence. The course covers a variety of theoretical and practical skills, including: principles of attacking, counter-attacking, movement and possession, and defending set plays (corners, free kicks and throw-ins) training drills the 4-corner approach to player development technical, physical, psychological and social fitness and nutrition. The course involves 16 days of study and practical workshops, spread over a number of weeks. It can be done at regional centres or through the St Georges Park National Football Centre at Burton-upon-Trent. To apply, you must be aged 20 or over, hold the Level 2 Certificate in Coaching Football and be regularly coaching an 11-a-side team. The last stage for some coaches is the UEFA A Licence, which is geared towards those working at semi-professional and professional level, although it can be used to work at all levels. It has two parts done on a residential basis. The first part is 13 days long and the second takes eight days. You would also take a one-day pre-application course to make sure you have the necessary qualifications and experience. It builds on topics covered by the UEFA B course and includes team motivation, tactics, strategy, match analysis and player performance. On successful completion, you would be expected to apply for re-assessment within five years. There is a UEFA Pro Licence beyond the A Licence, mainly aimed at managers in professional football, which concentrates on areas like management skills, leadership and handling the media. You can also add to your coaching qualifications with training in particular areas, such as: goalkeeping specific skills for defenders, midfielders and attackers sychology player confidence, mental strength and behaviour futsal (South American indoor 5-a-side game, growing in worldwide popularity). See the FA website for more details about their courses and coaching qualifications. FA National Course Planner (Opens new window) To be successtul, you should always be open to new ideas and continually improve your skills and knowledge of the game. You can Join the FA Licensed Coaches Club for continuing professional development opportunities. FA Licensed Coaches Club (Opens new window) Sportscoach I-JK also offers an extensive programme of personal development ourses for coaches at every level. Skills, interests and qualities To become a football coach you will need to have: energy, enthusiasm and the ability to motivate others knowledge of, and keen interest in, football good communication skills patience and determination to succeed flexibility and the ability to adapt to changing environments, ability groups and weather conditions the ability to give tactful, positive advice and constructive criticism good organisational and planning skills a confident and professional manner. More information Football Association My Football (Opens new window) ww. thefa. om/my-football Sport England (Opens new window) www. sportengland. org sports coach UK (Opens new window) www. sportscoachuk. org SkillsActive (Opens new window) Castlewood House 77-91 New Oxford Street London WCIA IPX Advice line: 08000 933300 www. skillsactive. com 1st4sport Qualifications (Opens new window) Coachwise Ltd Chelsea Close Off Amberley Road Armley Leeds Tel: 0113 290 7610 www. 1st4sportqualifications. co m Opportunities You can develop your career by moving to more prestigious and higher profile clubs. Progression will depend on your results and reputation. You may also be able to take further training to develop your skills into more specialist areas, such as international coaching, performance coaching and goalkeeping coaching. As a coach working with young people, you may be able to gain relevant qualifications and move into sports development or youth work. Many of the skills and qualities you develop as a good coach would be transferable to other areas of the sports industry. Vacancies are advertised in the press and on websites such as the following: Leisure Jobs (Opens new window) I-JK sport (Opens new window) Jobs page